请教 Debian 12.6 的 vi 和 vim.tiny 指向同一文件却执行效果不同疑问

[xlinux]

执行 vi 和执行 vim.tiny 为什么是两种不同的模式？ 这两个不是指向的是同一个文件 /usr/bin/vim.tiny 吗？ 不同的表现在于：

• 无法使用退格键 backspace
• 方向键变字母

以下是系统的一些信息：

root@debian:~# whereis vi
vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz

root@debian:~# whereis vim.tiny 
vim.tiny: /usr/bin/vim.tiny

root@debian:~# ls -la /usr/bin/ | grep vi
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      14560 Sep 16  2023 dbus-update-activation-environment
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         23 May  4  2023 rview -> /etc/alternatives/rview
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      18808 Jun 16 05:44 systemd-detect-virt
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         20 May  4  2023 vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         22 May  4  2023 view -> /etc/alternatives/view
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    1629584 May  4  2023 vim.tiny

root@debian:~# ls -la /etc/alternatives/ | grep vi
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   17 May  4  2023 ex -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   28 May  4  2023 ex.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 ex.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   17 May  4  2023 rview -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   17 May  4  2023 vi -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   28 May  4  2023 vi.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   17 May  4  2023 view -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   28 May  4  2023 view.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 view.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   31 May  4  2023 vi.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz

root@debian:~# ls -la /etc/vim
total 16
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Aug 31 05:17 .
drwxr-xr-x 69 root root 4096 Aug 30 23:37 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2553 May  4  2023 vimrc
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  662 May  4  2023 vimrc.tiny

root@debian:~# cat /etc/vim/vimrc
" $VIMRUNTIME refers to the versioned system directory where Vim stores its
" system runtime files -- /usr/share/vim/vim<version>.
"
" Vim will load $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim if the user does not have a vimrc.
" This happens after /etc/vim/vimrc(.local) are loaded, so it will override
" any settings in these files.
"
" If you don't want that to happen, uncomment the below line to prevent
" defaults.vim from being loaded.
" let g:skip_defaults_vim = 1
"
" If you would rather _use_ default.vim's settings, but have the system or
" user vimrc override its settings, then uncomment the line below.
" source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim

" All Debian-specific settings are defined in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and
" sourced by the call to :runtime you can find below.  If you wish to change
" any of those settings, you should do it in this file or
" /etc/vim/vimrc.local, since debian.vim will be overwritten everytime an
" upgrade of the vim packages is performed. It is recommended to make changes
" after sourcing debian.vim so your settings take precedence.

runtime! debian.vim

" Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible
" NOTE: debian.vim sets 'nocompatible'.  Setting 'compatible' changes
" numerous options, so any other options should be set AFTER changing
" 'compatible'.
"set compatible

" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
"syntax on

" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
" turn on this option as well
"set background=dark

" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
" reopening a file
"au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif

" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
" according to the detected filetype.
"filetype plugin indent on

" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot
" differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though.
"set showcmd		" Show (partial) command in status line.
"set showmatch		" Show matching brackets.
"set ignorecase		" Do case insensitive matching
"set smartcase		" Do smart case matching
"set incsearch		" Incremental search
"set autowrite		" Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
"set hidden		" Hide buffers when they are abandoned
"set mouse=a		" Enable mouse usage (all modes)

" Source a global configuration file if available
if filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local")
  source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
endif

root@debian:~# cat /etc/vim//vimrc.tiny 
" Vim configuration file, in effect when invoked as "vi". The aim of this
" configuration file is to provide a Vim environment as compatible with the
" original vi as possible. Note that ~/.vimrc configuration files as other
" configuration files in the runtimepath are still sourced.
" When Vim is invoked differently ("vim", "view", "evim", ...) this file is
" _not_ sourced; /etc/vim/vimrc and/or /etc/vim/gvimrc are.

" Debian system-wide default configuration Vim
set runtimepath=~/.vim,/var/lib/vim/addons,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles,/usr/share/vim/vim90,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/after,/var/lib/vim/addons/after,~/.vim/after

set compatible

" vim: set ft=vim:

[ho121]

vi compatibility mode

[ho121]

https://vimhelp.org/vi_diff.txt.html

[xlinux]

@ho121 为什么同一个执行文件一个是 compatible 模式？是 nocompatible 模式？

[ho121]

@xlinux 估计是设计如此或者向前兼容吧，就像很多系统 bash 和 sh 是一个文件，执行 bash 进入的是 bash ，执行 sh 进入的是 POSIX shell

[kkocdko]

echo "source /etc/vim/vimrc" > /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny

[xlinux]

@kkocdko 哥，展开说说

[msg7086]

@xlinux 同一个执行文件，根据被调用的文件名，可以产生不同的行为。

[1423]

busybox

[xlinux]

@msg7086 请教一下“根据被调用的文件名，可以产生不同的行为。”这个一步我可以在哪个地方查看它是怎么实现的？这个是 vim 的实现还是系统的设置？

[ho121]

@xlinux 单说“根据被调用的文件名，可以产生不同的行为。”，每个程序都能获得自己启动的路径、命令和参数。根据启动的命令不同，执行不同的逻辑，这个很容易实现。比较典型的比如 busybox 。

vim 的话，我试了试不是所有系统执行 vi 都自动进入兼容模式，可能不同系统编译 vim 的参不同，或者内置的配置不同。

[winzkh]

@xlinux #9 获取到的第一个参数就是启动命令
```c
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
printf("command: %s\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
```

[vk42]

lz 可以去看下 busybox 的源码，一个可执行文件，通过建立不同名的符号链接来实现不同的功能比如 ls, ps 等

[Kobayashi]

你搜搜 busybox 如何 link 的看看

[guanzhangzhang]

busybox 就是一个二进制根据软链不同的名字执行不同的命令，这方面不单单是 c 语言，其他语言也可以做到的

[LoliconInside]

Multi-Call Binary 了解一下