Python 3.6 要让所有字典有序？

[guyskk]

https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/55iqpo/guido_on_dicts_in_python_36/

https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2016-September/146348.html

I've been asked about this. Here's my opinion on the letter of the law in 3.6:

• keyword args are ordered
• the namespace passed to a metaclass is ordered by definition order
• ditto for the class dict

A compliant implementation may ensure the above three requirements either by making all dicts ordered, or by providing a custom dict subclass (e.g. OrderedDict) in those three cases.

I'd like to handwave on the ordering of all other dicts. Yes, in CPython 3.6 and in PyPy they are all ordered, but it's an implementation detail. I don't want to force all other implementations to follow suit. I also don't want too many people start depending on this, since their code will break in 3.5. (Code that needs to depend on the ordering of keyword args or class attributes should be relatively uncommon; but people will start to depend on the ordering of all dicts all too easily. I want to remind them that they are taking a risk, and their code won't be backwards compatible.)

--Guido

[terence4444]

记得有一个 OrderedDict 可以用…

[Patrick95]

我觉得有序挺好的，无序也没什么影响。

[tabris17]

早就该这么做了

[guyskk]

@Patrick95 感觉这样会导致性能下降，这种字典结构在大多数语言里面都是无序的

[tairan2006]

默认实现由哈希表转为红黑树(或跳表)吧，性能当然有影响

[kkzxak47]

@guyskk 我记得有序是一个实现方式改变带来的副产品，不是刻意追求

[kkzxak47]

https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2016-September/146327.html

[guyskk]

@kkzxak47 赞

[doubleflower]

这功能挺人性化的，连打印调试都更好读了，而且性能损失很小可以忽略。

[skydiver]

终于和最好的语言 PHP 看齐了

[awanabe]

@terence4444 OrderedDict 里面是维护了一个链表， 如果数据量大，相当于 size 是两倍... 还是挺吓人的🎺

[cortexm3]

@guyskk +1

[zonghua]

性能再一次降低了

[tabris17]

@tairan2006 怎么可能。无非是哈希表的 bucket 加上链表而已，多维护一个链表罢了，对性能影响微乎其微

[jiang42]

@zonghua 我的理解，性能不会降低，内存占用减少

具体参见 @kkzxak47 贴出的邮件

Python 其实一直致力于性能的提升， e.g. os.scandir

[ruoyu0088]

这里有性能比较： https://gist.github.com/methane/e7a2ae389ca13905508905f5fa4ad46c
内存可以节省 20%左右。