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twemproxy ( nutcracker ) 是 Twitter 开源的轻量级 memcached / redis 代理服务器,本质就是一个集群管理工具,主要用来弥补 Redis 和 Memcached 对集群管理的不足,其完成的最大功劳就是通过在后端减少同缓存服务器的连接数从而增加吞吐量。我们将 Twemproxy 看成一个老大哥,背后 Carry 着一群 memcached / redis 实例小弟,如此看来,某一程序上也类似于 memcached / redis 的 HA。
本文先实践一波让 twemproxy 来 Carry 一群 memcached 小弟时的工作情况。
注: 本文首发于 My Personal Blog:CodeSheep·程序羊,欢迎光临 小站
准备三台节点:
yum install memcached
memcached -u root -p 11211 -m 64m -d
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.9.tar.gz
tar -zvxf m4-1.4.9.tar.gz
cd m4-1.4.9
./configure
make
make install
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.69.tar.gz
tar zxvf autoconf-2.69.tar.gz
cd autoconf-2.69
./configure --prefix=/usr/
make && make install
wget https://github.com/twitter/twemproxy/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
mv twemproxy-master twemproxy
mv twemproxy /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
cd twemproxy/
autoreconf -fvi
./configure --enable-debug=full
make
make install
nutcracker -h
[root@localhost ~]# nutcracker -h
This is nutcracker-0.4.1
Usage: nutcracker [-?hVdDt] [-v verbosity level] [-o output file]
[-c conf file] [-s stats port] [-a stats addr]
[-i stats interval] [-p pid file] [-m mbuf size]
Options:
-h, --help : this help
-V, --version : show version and exit
-t, --test-conf : test configuration for syntax errors and exit
-d, --daemonize : run as a daemon
-D, --describe-stats : print stats description and exit
-v, --verbose=N : set logging level (default: 5, min: 0, max: 11)
-o, --output=S : set logging file (default: stderr)
-c, --conf-file=S : set configuration file (default: conf/nutcracker.yml)
-s, --stats-port=N : set stats monitoring port (default: 22222)
-a, --stats-addr=S : set stats monitoring ip (default: 0.0.0.0)
-i, --stats-interval=N : set stats aggregation interval in msec (default: 30000 msec)
-p, --pid-file=S : set pid file (default: off)
-m, --mbuf-size=N : set size of mbuf chunk in bytes (default: 16384 bytes)
vim /usr/local/twemproxy/conf/nutcracker.yml
修改配置文件 nutcracker.yml
memcached:
listen: 127.0.0.1:22121
hash: fnv1a_64
distribution: ketama
timeout: 400
backlog: 1024
preconnect: true
auto_eject_hosts: true
server_retry_timeout: 30000
server_failure_limit: 3
servers:
- 192.168.199.77:11211:1
- 192.168.199.78:11211:1
nutcracker -d -c /usr/local/twemproxy/conf/nutcracker.yml
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -nltp | grep nutcracker
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12737/nutcracker
tcp 0 0 192.168.199.79:22121 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12737/nutcracker
一连存入了 6 个 key
[root@localhost conf]# telnet localhost 22121
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
set key1 0 0 1
1
STORED
set key2 0 0 1
2
STORED
set key3 0 0 1
3
STORED
set key4 0 0 1
4
STORED
set key5 0 0 1
5
STORED
set key6 0 0 1
6
STORED
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
get key1
VALUE key1 0 1
1
END
get key2
VALUE key2 0 1
2
END
get key3
VALUE key3 0 1
3
END
get key4
VALUE key4 0 1
4
END
get key5
VALUE key5 0 1
5
END
get key6
VALUE key6 0 1
6
END
[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux | grep mem
root 634 0.0 0.0 326588 1960 ? Ssl 15:58 0:00 memcached -u root -p 11211 -m 64m -d
root 704 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/0 S+ 16:01 0:00 grep --color=auto mem
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 634
[root@localhost conf]# telnet localhost 22121
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
set key9 0 0 1
9
STORED
[root@localhost conf]#
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
get key9
VALUE key9 0 1
9
END
我们发现 memcached2 断开后,缓存 key9 写到了 memcached1 中,而对于用户来说,由于是跟 twemproxy 代理交互,因此并不能感觉到后端 memcached2 实例的下线
然后再继续通过代理写数据:
[root@localhost conf]# telnet localhost 22121
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
set key10 0 0 1
x
STORED
set key11 0 0 1
y
STORED
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
get key10
VALUE key10 0 1
x
END
get key11
VALUE key11 0 1
y
END
从上面这个实验过程可以看出,一台 memcached 实例挂掉后,twemproxy 能自动移除之;而恢复后,twemproxy 能够自动识别并重新加入到 memcached 组中重新使用
由于能力有限,若有错误或者不当之处,还请大家批评指正,一起学习交流!
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