最开始提升说要 Python3.5+，我装了个 Python3.8.1，再运行 certbot 就下面这样了。
# ./certbot-auto --no-bootstrap
WARNING: unable to check for updates.
Creating virtual environment...
Installing Python packages...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 1319, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 1230, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 1276, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 1225, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 1004, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 944, in send
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/http/
client.py", line 1399, in connect
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/
ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
return self.sslsocket_class._create(
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/
ssl.py", line 1040, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/
ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/tmp.X1baStRu9w/
pipstrap.py", line 177, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/tmp/tmp.X1baStRu9w/
pipstrap.py", line 155, in main
downloads = [hashed_download(index_base + '/packages/' + path,
File "/tmp/tmp.X1baStRu9w/
pipstrap.py", line 155, in <listcomp>
downloads = [hashed_download(index_base + '/packages/' + path,
File "/tmp/tmp.X1baStRu9w/
pipstrap.py", line 117, in hashed_download
response = opener(using_https=parsed_url.scheme == 'https').open(url)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 525, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 542, in _open
result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 502, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 1362, in https_open
return self.do_open( http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
File "/usr/local/python381/lib/python3.8/urllib/
request.py", line 1322, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)>