penmanship(名词):书写;书法;笔迹的工整与美观程度(尤指用钢笔/笔书写的字)。也可泛指“写字的技艺”。
/ˈpɛn.mən.ʃɪp/
Her penmanship is neat and easy to read.
她的字迹工整,读起来很容易。
Although his ideas were brilliant, his penmanship was so poor that the teacher struggled to grade his handwritten exam.
尽管他的想法很出色,但字写得太差,老师批改他的手写试卷时很吃力。
由 pen(笔)+ -manship(技艺、手艺)构成;**-manship** 常用于表示“某种技能的水平或表现”(如 sportsmanship)。因此 penmanship 字面义即“用笔的技艺”,逐渐引申为“书写/书法与字迹质量”。